Padyshata State Nature Reserve

Climate

The climate of the Podishota reserve is moderately cold in winter and hot in summer. According to data from the Podishota hydrometeorological station, the average annual temperature in July is +18.6 °C, and in January it is –3.4 °C. The average daily air temperature reaches 0 °C on February 16–23 and December 13–30, and reaches 10 °C on March 28–30 and October 20–29. Thus, the vegetation period lasts 204–218 days.

The last spring occurs in the second ten‑day period of April, and the autumnal cold sometimes begins in the second ten‑day period of October.

Flora and Fauna

The reserve area is characterized by a variety of wild animals and birds. The relief and climate of this area (the Podishota river basin) are suitable for many species of wild fauna, but during the activity of the Avletim forest enterprise (until 2003) excessive and improper cutting of coniferous trees and anthropogenic factors in livestock grazing affected them. The Podishota forest enterprise significantly limited their numbers and distribution areas.

During the period when forest management existed, the livestock of the local population spread throughout the entire area (used as pasture). With the arrival of spring, many species of wild fauna left their habitats (Siberian mountain goat, wild boar and together with them the white‑capped, wolf, Turkmenian marmot). The fire‑wood camps where birds (cuckoo, lapwing) nested were located, resulting in a minimal decrease in their numbers in spring and summer.

Among the large mammals in the reserve are white‑capped, Turkmenian marmot, bear, goat, wild goat, wild boar, wolf, wolf‑dog and pig, mountain goat, fox, and otter, which are widely distributed.

At the time of registration, several species of lynx, marmot and wolves were identified, which are related to the movement of food reserves. Thus, the species that constitute the main diet of the snow leopard have disappeared from the glaciers (due to the influence of anthropogenic factors). The food base for the bear is sufficient (wild raspberry, blackcurrant, herbs and martens).

Species included in the Red Book: Tien-Shan brown bear with a white chest, snow leopard, Turkestan marmot.

The flora of the Podishota Reserve is rich and diverse in terms of floristic composition, morphological structure and ecological types of plants. The general characteristics of the reserve’s plant composition are the sharp dominance of trees and shrubs, and the archa and archa forests are especially distinctive.

The main masses of archa forests are widespread in river valleys: Oqsoy, Ergashsoy, Qayindibuloq, Boribuloq, O‘raboshi, Komirsoy, Ko‘ktepa, Mozorsoay, Toldibuloq, Oqtosh., Bektemir. Here mainly three types of archa grow: semi-spherical, zaravshon and so‘ychaluv. The densest forests are occupied by semi-spherical archa. These widely spread beautiful forests attract people’s attention with their beauty.